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Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to investigate the effect of Pterocephalus hookeri on serum metabolism of adjuvant arthritis(AA) model rats induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. After the AA model was properly induced, the serum of rats was collected 30 days after treatment. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS chromatograms were collected and analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA). The results revealed that compared with the control group, the model group showed increased content of 12 biomarkers in the serum(P<0.05) and reduced content of the other nine biomarkers(P<0.05). P. hookeri extract could recover the above-mentioned 19 biomarkers to a certain range. Pathway enrichment showed that these markers mainly involved eight metabolic pathways, including valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, arachidonic acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, bile acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. The findings of this study demonstrate that P. hookeri extract can regulate metabolic disorders and promote the regression of metabolic phenotype to the normal level to exert the therapeutic effect on AA rats. This study is expected to provide a certain scientific basis for the biological research on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by P. hookeri.
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Animals , Rats , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , MetabolomicsABSTRACT
@#【Objective】To investigate the differences of lung involvement between dengue and severe dengue.【Methods】227 dengue patients admitted in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2014 to October 2018 were enrolled. The clinical characteristics，treatment and outcome of the patients were analyzed to explore the differences of lung involvement between dengue and severe dengue （SD）. 【Results】 The rate of old age ，smoking ，hypertension，diabetes and cerebrovascular disease was higher in dengue with lung involvement group（DWLI）than dengue without lung involvement group（DWOLI）（χ2 were 25.146，3.847，10.326，7.177，and 5.355，P was 0.050 for smoking，the others were < 0.05）. The rate of cough and breathlessness was higher in DWLI（χ2 were 11.465 and 6.068，P were 0.001 and 0.014），as well as in SD subgroup（χ2 were 4.585 and 6.717，P were 0.032 and 0.010）. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were increased in DWLI（Z were - 2.591 and - 3.033，P were 0.010 and 0.002）. The rate of pleural effusion was higher in SD subgroup（χ2 = 4.987，P = 0.026）. Bilateral lung infiltration was correlated with SD（χ2 = 5.910，P =0.015）. The rate of acute liver injury，acute kidney injury and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome（MODS）was higher in DWLI（χ2 were 7.044，7.059，and 11.315，P were 0.008，0.008 and 0.001）. The rate of anti-virus，anti-bacteria and combined therapy was higher in DWLI（χ2 were 13.156，32.845，and 12.684，P all were < 0.001）.【Conclusion】Dengue patients who were with old age，smoking，or suffered from underlying disease of hypertension，diabetes and cerebrovascular disease were vulnerable to lung involvement. Cough，breathlessness，pleural effusion and bilateral lung infiltration were signs of severe dengue. Attention should be paid to dengue with lung involvement.
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Objective To investigate the curative effect of glucocorticoid and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the high-frequency and diminishing sudden deafness.Methods A total of 260 patients with high-frequency and diminishing sudden deafness were divided into hormone group(n=110),hyperbaric oxygen group(n=80) and routing group(n=70,ginaton 87.5 mg+5% GS 250 mL static drops static drops,intramuscular injection of vitamin B1 1.5 mg+cobamamide 0.1 g and 2% lidocaine 10 mL+5% GS 250 mL static drops).The first two groups were added oral prednison and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the basis of therapy of routing group.The effect of comparison analysis was conducted after 10 days of treatment according to the course of disease which was less than that of or equal to 7 days or greater than 7 days.Results The overall curative effect of hormone group and hyperbaric oxygen group was better than that of routing group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).During the whole course of disease,the difference of therapeutic effect between routing group and the other two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The glucocorticoid and hyperbaric oxygen therapy both have really curative effect on high-frequency and diminishing sudden deafness.
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The research aimed to investigate the suppression effect of MaiShu which contains hawthorn, hippophae, medlar, phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol), β-glucan and lycopeneon formation of atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE-/-) mice. Liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-mass spectrometry (LC-UV-MC) methods were used to analyze the main chemical composition of MaiShu.Atherosclerotic mice models were established by high-fat diet. The mice were administrated with MaiShu (1, 2, 4 g·kg-1·d-1) or other contrast materials by intragastric route for 10 weeks continuously. At the end of administration, the blood of mice was collected for tests of the serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. Atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and aortic root were assessed by calculating the relative area of lesions (oil red O stained). Intravital fluorescence microscopic system was used to evaluate the leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in mesenteric artery of mice by detecting the rolling velocity of white blood cells (WBC). Collagenous fibers and macrophages in lesions were detected by sirius red staining and immunological histological chemistry to evaluate the atherosclerotic plaque stability. Results showed that MaiShu contains various flavonoids (9.5%), phytosterols (23.8%) and polysaccharides (8.9%). The serum lipid level of model animals was significantly higher than the control animals. Serum TC level was decreased by MaiShu (4 g·kg-1, P-1) compared to model (P-1, P-1, P-1, P-1, P-1, P-1) and macrophages were decreased (2, 4 g·kg-1) compared to model. These results demonstrate that MaiShu can obviously decrease the serum lipid levels and the risk of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion in ApoE-/- mice. The effect of MaiShu may be associated with the decrease of macrophages in plaque.
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The present paper is aimed to explore the biological osteoinductive activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 9 (rhBMP-9) by various biological technologies. In this study, we firstly obtained hBMP-9 cDNA by PCR and inserted it into vector pcDNA4/His Max to reconstruct hBMP-9 eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA4/His Max-BMP-9. Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell line expressing high-level rhBMP-9 was reconstructed by co-transfecting the expression vectors pcDNA4/His* Max-hBMP-9 and plasmid pSV2-dhfr into dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)-deficient CHO cells and the subsequent gene amplification by the methotrexate. We finally obtained a monoclonal cell line expressing the highest level protein. We purified the medium after culturing the highest-producing monoclonal by Ni-NTA His-Bind Resin columns and concentrated to by a Centricon 50 at 4 degrees C and stored at 70 degrees C until it was used. Western blot and SDS-PAGE analyses showed a specific band of about 32kD in pro-region lane and a specific band of about 50kD in pro-region complex lane. Biological activities of rhBMP-9 were tested by colorimetric determination and histochemical staining of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Activity, osteocalcin and oesteopontin for C3H10 T1/2 cells, which were stimulated culture by different concentration (20, 50, 100 microg/mL) of rhBMP-9. The results showed that the rhBMP-9 could induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro, and were proportional to the amount. This study can provide experimental data for further tests in vivo and clinical applications.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Humans , CHO Cells , Cricetulus , Growth Differentiation Factor 2 , Pharmacology , Osteogenesis , Recombinant Proteins , Pharmacology , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the stress distribution in a cemented femoral component in elderly patients with a partial marrow type Ⅰ intertrochanteric fractures and to compare differences in the stress distribution after a long-and short-stem prosthetic replacement.Methods Spiral CT images of right femur of the volunteer were obtained and processed with Mimics software and modeling software to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the femur.Based on this,a three-dimensional physical model for partial marrow type Ⅰ intertrochanteric fractures,long-and short-stem femoral prostheses,and cement mantle was established.Subsequently,a three-dimensional finite element model of long-and short-stem prosthetic replacement for intertrochanteric fractures was established using the finite element analysis software,and biomechanical analysis was implemented for the model.Results No significant changes in stress distribution of the femur occurred after long-or short-stem prosthetic replacement.Stress on the femur still presented a gradual increase from the proximal end to the distal end,peaked at the lower 1/3 of the medial and lateral junction and then decreased at the end.A stress concentration zone formed in the medial and lateral end of cement-stem interface in short-stem prosthetic replacement.Besides,the maximum value of stress in the lateral interface reached 15.3 MPa,but without surpassing the fatigue strength of the bone cement.Whereas,a stress concentration zone formed in the distal medial and lateral part of cement-stem interface and the medial middle part of the interface in long-stem prosthetic replacement and the maximum value was also lower than the fatigue strength of bone cement.No significant stress concentration zones were found in the femoral calcar reconstructed using bone cement.Conclusions Cemented long-or short-stem prosthetic replacement achieves no significant alteration in stress distribution of the femur.Loosening probability of the cemented long-or short-stem prosthesis is almost the same,but the latter has advantages of shorter surgery time,minor trauma,and fewer complications and may be more suitable for treatment of the elderly patients with a partial marrow type Ⅰ intertrochanteric fractures.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate whether or not administration of folic acid and resveratrol have preventive effects on cleft palate formation as well as the comparison of the two drugs' s effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant mice were randomly divided into 9 groups, with 8 mice in each group. The TCDD group mice were dosed with TCDD 28 microg/kg body weight on gestation day 10 (GD 10) animals in folic acid group were respectively dosed with folic acid 15, 10, 5 mg/kg and TCDD 28 microg/kg; resveratrol treated mice were divided into 3 groups: resveratrol 50 mg/kg were orally administered for 6 consecutive days, from gestational day GD 8 to GD13 in resveratrol (GD8-13 ) group; resveratrol 50 mg/kg were orally administered for 6 consecutive days, from gestational day GD 8 to GD13, followed hy an oral administered with TCDD on GD10 in resveratrol (GD8-13) + TCDD group; resveratrol 50mg/kg and TCDD 28 microg/kg were used by gavage administration at GD10 in resveratrol (GD10) + TCDD group. Control mice were treated with the same volume of water for 6 consecutive days from GD8 to GD13 and were given a single dose of corn oil on GD10. The pregnant mice weight and embryos, the number of live, cleft palate, dead and resorption fetal mice were recorded on GD 17.5. The coronal sections of the fetal mice heads were prepared at GD 17.5 and observed by microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Total frequency of clefts was 92.86% in TCDD group, 84.00% (15 mg), 73.08% (10 mg), 84.00% (5 mg) in folic acid + TCDD groups, 0% in resveratrol (GD10) group, 74.51% (GD10), 57.78% (GD8-13) in resveratrol + TCDD groups. The frequency of cleft was 0% in the control group. Compared with the control and the TCDD groups, there were significant differences in the number of live, dead and resorption fetal mice in TCCD + resveratrol (GD8-13) group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in embryonic weight, live fetuses weight, the number of live, dead and resorption fetal mice were found in the other groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Test dose of folic acid and resveratrol both had certain antagonistic effect on cleft palate in mice induced by TCDD, with folic acid 10 mg/kg, resveratrol 50 mg/kg GD8-13 doses having stronger antagonistic action. Effects of both the two drugs have no significant difference, but resveratrol (50 mg/kg, GD8-13) significantly affects the fetal mice's growth and development under TCDD exposure in utero.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced , Cleft Palate , Fetus , Folic Acid , Pharmacology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins , Random Allocation , Stilbenes , Pharmacology , TeratogensABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dynamics and clinical significance of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels during the terminal phase of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) with different hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-hundred-and-seven patients with terminal ACLF were tested for HBeAg status by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and serum HBV DNA levels by real-time PCR at three chronological time ranges, representing increasing severity of disease phases prior to death (day 0): 29-56 d, 15-28 d, and 0-14 d.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 37 HBeAg(+) patients, HBV DNA levels at above-mentioned phases were 6.10+/-1.63, 5.61+/-1.50, and 5.29+/-1.96 log10 copies/mL. In the 70 anti-HBe(+) patients, HBV DNA levels were 4.63+/-1.82, 5.81+/-1.78, and 4.93+/-1.73 log10 copies/mL. Phase to phase comparisons revealed that the HBV DNA level in the HBeAg(+) group was significantly higher than that in the anti-HBe(+) group at 29-56 d (P less than 0.05), and that 15-28 d and 0-14 d were not significantly different (P more than 0.05). Intragroup comparisons of phases revealed no significant differences in the HBeAg(+) group (P more than 0.05), but a significant difference between 15-28 d and 0-14 d (P less than 0.05) for the anti-HBe(+) group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum levels of HBV DNA in patients with HBeAg positivity are higher than those in patients with anti-HBe positivity as the disease phase of ACLF nears fatality. Following the deterioration to liver failure, the HBV DNA load in HBeAg(+) patients remains stable while that in anti-HBe(+) patients decreases.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , DNA, Viral , Blood , End Stage Liver Disease , Blood , Virology , Hepatitis B e Antigens , Blood , Hepatitis B virus , Genetics , Hepatitis B, Chronic , Blood , Pathology , Liver Failure, Acute , Blood , Virology , Viral LoadABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of cleft palate in mice induced by 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On gestation day 10 (GD 10), 12 pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups as the treated group and the control group with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the treated group received intragastric administration with 64 microg TCDD/kg, while the mice in the control group received equivalent corn oil. The embryos were examined under stereomicroscope to detect the incidence of cleft palate on GD 18.5. Another 18 pregnant mice were randomly divided into two groups (treated group and control group) on GD 10 with 9 pregnant mice in each group. Then each group was divided into 3 subgroups: GD 13.5, GD 14.5 and GD 15.5, with 3 pregnant mice in each subgroup. The palatal shelves were dissected from the embryos for RNA and DNA extraction on GD 13.5, GD 14.5 and GD 15.5. At last the expression of Smad 2-4 and Smad 7 mRNA was investigated by RT-PCR, and the TGF-beta3 promoter methylamine levels were investigated by methylation specific PCR (MSP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cleft palate mice model was established successfully by exposing pregnant C57BL/6J mice to TCDD. Total frequency of clefts was 100% in TCDD group, and the frequency of clefts was 0 in the control group. The relative expression of Smad 2 mRNA was 0.263 +/- 0.088, 0.296 +/- 0.016 and 0.159 +/- 0.027 in TCDD group, 0.180 +/- 0.042, 0.282 +/- 0.029 and 0.165 +/- 0.018 in control group. The relative expression of Smad 3 mRNA was 0.453 +/- 0.153, 0.551 +/- 0.160 and 0.328 +/- 0.049 in TCDD group, 0.375 +/- 0.126, 0.510 +/- 0.145 and 0.259 +/- 0.035 in control group. The relative expression of Smad 4 mRNA was 0.675 +/- 0.174, 0.577 +/- 0.070 and 0.396 +/- 0.066 in TCDD group, 0.557 +/- 0.138, 0.587 +/- 0.080 and 0.441 +/- 0.054 in control group. The relative expression of Smad 7 mRNA was 0.283 +/- 0.050, 0.320 +/- 0.068 and 0.169 +/- 0.045 in TCDD group, 0.207 +/- 0.043, 0.288 +/- 0.051 and 0.155 +/- 0.040 in control group. There was no significant difference between the TCDD treated mice and the control (P > 0.05). The TGF-beta3 promoters were at the un-methylation state both in the TCDD treated and control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It suggests that TCDD could induce a stable formation of cleft palate, but it is not through the TGF-beta/Smad signaling nor through the modification of TGF-beta3 promoter methylation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Cleft Palate , DNA Methylation , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins , Toxicity , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Signal Transduction , Smad Proteins , Metabolism , Teratogens , Toxicity , Transforming Growth Factor beta3 , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective: To screen for differentially expressed genes associated with the development and progression of human growth hormone adenoma, so as to lay a foundation for future study. Methods: The whole genome oligonucleotide microarray (Affymetrix 133 plus 2.0) was used to examine gene profiles of 8 growth homone adenoma samples and 2 normal pooled pituitary samples. Differentially expressed genes were subjected to bioinformatics analysis. Real-time qPCR was used to verify the microarray result of a randomly selected candidate gene. Results: A total of 187 up-regulated genes and 899 down-regulated genes associated with growth hormone adenoma were screened out, with their functions mainly associated with molecular binding, apoptosis/tumor, metabolism, signal transduction, cell cycle, and transportation activities. Conclusion: Microarray technology can be used for preliminary screen of growth hormone adenoma associated genes. The development and progression of growth homone adenoma are complex processes involving multiple genes, molecules, and pathways.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the exposure to di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) during pregnancy on the DNA methylation level of genomes in the testis of the offspring in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant KM mice were randomly divided into three groups, normal control, corn oil and DEHP-exposed. Corn oil and DEHP (500 mg/[kg x d]) were administrated respectively from gestation day 12.5 (GD 12.5) to postnatal day 3 (PND 3). The testes of the offspring were excised on PND 7, and their genomic DNA was treated with EcoR I /Msp I and EcoR I /Hpa II. The genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of the CCGG sites were detected by methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). The samples were electrophoresed in the ABI 3730 DNA sequencer and the results analyzed by the Genescan3.1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average incidence of DNA methylation was (34.03 +/- 3.05)% in the DEHP-exposed mice, obviously higher than (28.37 +/- 2.37)% in the normal control and (28.58 2.45)% in the corn oil group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exposure to DEHP during pregnancy increases the DNA methylation level of the genome in the testis of the offspring and affects the apparent genetic modification of the genome, which may be one of the important toxicological causes of the lesion in the reproductive system.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Pregnancy , DNA Methylation , Diethylhexyl Phthalate , Pharmacology , Genome , Mice, Inbred Strains , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , TestisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a method to repair nasal side mucosa of wide incomplete cleft palate and reduce the tension of wound by using oral mucosa flap in the top of fissure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>27 cases of wide incomplete cleft palatal were included in the study. On the basis of two-flap palatoplasty, the triangular oral mucosa flap in the top of fissure was turned and sewed with side mucosa to repair nasal side mucosa of wide palatal cleft.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Without postoperative active bleeding, airway obstruction and wound infection, 27 cases had been repaired satisfactorily by this procedure. 1-3 months followed up demonstrated that all the wounds healed well without wound dehiscence or fistulas and the scars in the palate were not severe.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using oral mucosa flap in the top of fissure to repair nasal side mucosa of wide palatal cleft can get a reduced tension and correspondingly increase the width of mucoperiosteal flaps so as to decrease incidence rate of palatal fistulas and reduce formation of scars.</p>
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Female , Humans , Cleft Palate , Mouth Mucosa , Nasal Mucosa , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To collect the data of measuring skin thickness of children of both genders of different ages and parts of body with non-invasive high-frequency ultrasound method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and twenty-one children from 1 to 18 years of age,without systemic disease or injury in skin, were enrolled in the study and divided into 4 groups: i.e., infant group (112 years of age), pre-school age group (3-6 years of age), school age group (7-12 years for boys and 7-11 years for girls), adolescent age group (13-18 years for boys and 12-18 years for girls), and each group was subdivided into 2 groups according to the gender. The skin thicknesses of children in cheek, chest, abdomen, forearms, fundament and thigh was respectively measured by 13 MHz high-frequency ultrasound.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The region with thinnest skin in children was the cheek, and the thickest was the back and buttock. (1) There were no significant differences in thickness of skin in the same region between genders and also among different age groups (P > 0.05). (2) There were also no obvious differences of thickness of the dermis and the whole skin in the same region between male and female, or among infants, pre-school age and school age groups (P > 0.05). In adolescent group, the average thickness of dermis in male was (1.16 +/- 0.04 ) - (1.98 +/- 0.47) mm, the average whole thickness of skin in male was (1.27 +/- 0.12) - (2.20 +/- 0.45) mm, while those of female were (1.00 +/- 0.18) - (1.60 +/- 0.30) mm and (1.10 +/- 0.17) - (1.83 +/- 0.29) mm (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is reliable to measure the skin thickness by 13MHz ultrasound as a non-invasive method. The main factor which determined the thickness of the skin is dermal thickness, especially in males. The significant differences of skin thickness among cheek, back and buttock provide the basis for us to choose the appropriate thickness of skin grafts harvested from different body parts.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Dermis , Diagnostic Imaging , Epidermis , Diagnostic Imaging , Sex Factors , Skin , Diagnostic Imaging , Skinfold Thickness , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
In this paper, we designed to investigate the frequencies of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) polymorphisms at nt587 and nt694 in south Chinese SLE patients and healthy individuals and explore whether genetic variants in TNFR2 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The results showed that the nt587G allele frequency was 21.1% in the 128 SLE patients and the allele frequency was 13.0% in the 135 healthy individuals, the former was significantly higher than the latter in the allele frequency (P ＜ 0.05). People with the nt587 G variant showed high risk to SLE. The frequency of nt694 was slightly but not statistically significantly increased in SLE patients compared with healthy controls(16.0% versus 11.9%, P= 0.149). These results indicate that the polymorphism at nt587 of TNFR2 is associated with the south Chinese SLE patients. The polymorphism at nt694 is not associated with SLE.
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In this paper, we designed to investigate the frequencies of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) polymorphisms at nt587 and nt694 in south Chinese SLE patients and healthy individuals and explore whether genetic variants in TNFR2 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. The results showed that the nt587G allele frequency was 21.1% in the 128 SLE patients and the allele frequency was 13.0% in the 135 healthy individuals, the former was significantly higher than the latter in the allele frequency (P ＜ 0.05). People with the nt587 G variant showed high risk to SLE. The frequency of nt694 was slightly but not statistically significantly increased in SLE patients compared with healthy controls(16.0% versus 11.9%, P= 0.149). These results indicate that the polymorphism at nt587 of TNFR2 is associated with the south Chinese SLE patients. The polymorphism at nt694 is not associated with SLE.